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THE HISTORY OF A UNIVER- 
SITY AND ITS PRESENT WORK 



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1740— 1893 

THE 

University of Pennsylvania 

PAST AND PRESENT 

A COLLEGE with one hundred and fifty years of history 
means something in America. It means an institution 
which has seen the birth of a nation, its youth, and 
fuller development ; it means an intellectual centre identified 
with the best thought of five generations. One cannot but 
feel that the history of such an institution must be worth re- 
cording, for it forms an integral part of the history of the 
nation itself. 

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S PART 

The University of Pennsylvania may be said to have 
its origin in the founding of an English charitable school in 
Philadelphia in 1 740, although it was not until nearly ten years 
later that it began to have a collegiate form. It was in 1746 
that Benjamin Franklin first recognized the need in the prov- 
ince of a college and academy of a high grade, and he at 
once set about the fulfillment of this project. As soon as pos- 
sible after King George's War was over he published, in 1749, 
his famous pamphlet on ' ' The Education of Youth in Penn- 
sylvania, ' ' and formed a board of trustees. These gentlemen 
secured the co-operation of the city authorities and the public* 
and raised a fund for the new enterprise, combining with the 
plan the rehabilitation of the charitable schools before men- 
tioned. The building on Fourth street, Philadelphia, where 
the charity schools had been, was rebuilt for the purpose, and 
' ■ The Academy of Philadelphia ' ' was opened formally in 
January, 1751. 



A PROSPEROUS COLONIAL COLLEGE 

Students nocked to the new institution at once, and 
Franklin tells us that in September, 1751, there were over one 
hundred, each paying yearly what would now be about one 
hundred dollars. The academy was divided into Latin, 
English, and Mathematical schools, and was in full accord 
with the demands of the times. But Franklin and the other 
trustees had a further development in view from the begin- 
ning, and under the able rectorship of the Rev. William Smith, 
a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, the academy ad- 
vanced rapidly to the point where this was possible. Accord- 
ingly, in May, 1755, an additional charter was granted, and 
the institution became ' ' The College and Academy of Phila- 
delphia." Two years later the first class was graduated, and 
of its six members, two were afterward members of the first 
Continental Congress, one became the chaplain to that body, 
and one was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. 

FROM COLLEGE TO UNIVERSITY 

The change from college to a university came about 
in a very peculiar way. In 1779, under the flimsy pre- 
text that the foundation had been narrowed, the Assembly of 
Pennsylvania took away the charter of the college, and 
bestowed all its properties upon a new institution, ' ' The Uni- 
versity of the State of Pennsylvania." But the old trustees 
still maintained an organization, and finally, in 1789, succeeded 
in getting back their charter. The two institutions now existed 
side by side for a time, but without profit. Accordingly, in 
1 791, upon mutual petition, they were united under a new 
charter as "The University of Pennsylvania." This was the 
first American institution chartered as a University. 

THE UNIVERSITY'S LOCATION 

During its life of a century and a half the University has 
occupied four sites, including the original one at Fourth and 
Arch streets. In 1802 a large mansion at Ninth and Chestnut 
streets, built originally for the President of the United States, 
was secured, and with several important changes this remained 
the home of the University for sixty-nine years. The whole 
property, with all the buildings, was then sold to the United 
States Government, which built on the site the present 



Philadelphia post-office. The University in 1871 moved out to 
its present beautiful site in West Philadelphia, overlooking the 
Schuylkill, where it has forty-one acres, and can already see 
in the future the day when this will be far from enough for its 
needs. 

A UNIVERSITY OF TO-DAY 

The growth of the University has been slow, but unin- 
terrupted. In its present organization it comprises thirteen 
departments, as follows : The College Department, including 
the Courses in Arts, in Science, (the Towne Scientific School), 
in Architecture, in Natural History, (the School of Biology), 
in Finance and Economy, (the Wharton School), and the 
course in Music'; the Medical Department ; the Department of 
Law ; the Auxiliary Department of Medicine ; the Department 
of Dentistry ; the Department of Veterinary Medicine ; the 
Department of Physical Education ; the Department of 
Hygiene ; the Graduate Department for Women ; the Museum 
of Archaeology ; the University Hospital ; and the Wistar 
Institute of Anatomy and Biology. 

THE COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 

The distinct courses offered in this department number 
altogether 329, grouped under thirty-three heads. But there 
is also a rough general division into seven parts, viz. : Courses 
in Arts, Courses in Science, the Wharton School, the Schools of 
American History, Biology and Architecture, and the Course 
in Music. All courses leading to a Bachelor's degree require 
four years' work or its equivalent, and the so-called technical 
degrees, such as Mechanical Engineer, etc., require the equiv- 
alent of five years' work. The College Department in the 
session of 1893 h a d 618 students, and a teaching force of eighty- 
eight. 

COURSES IN ARTS 

The group system of electives is offered in these courses. 
The work for all arts students is largely the same for the first 
two years, but with the beginning of Junior year the students 
are allowed to choose from twelve distinct lines of work, com- 
bining with the usual ' ( culture studies ' ' a wide variety of 
such studies as History, Political Economy, Biology, Zoology, 
Chemistry, Modern Languages, etc. All the instruction in 



the Arts Courses is given in College Hall, except such studies 
as Chemistry, Biology, etc., which require special laboratory 
facilities, and are therefore given in the buildings specially 
devoted to those lines of work. 

FINANCE AND ECONOMY 

The Wharton School and the School of American His- 
tory represent each a new idea in American education. The 
former was founded as an experiment in the education of busi- 
ness men, and as a preliminary to the law, journalism or public 
life ; and has eminently justified the foresight of its founder. It 
recognizes the need for a broader preparation than has usually 
been given in the fields just mentioned, especially that of gen- 
eral business. The quality of work done in the school is best 
shown in two volumes, one on "The Development of American 
Industries," prepared and published by the Class of 1891, and 
the valuable work on "Philadelphia and its Government," 
which has just been published by the Class of 1893. The 
school's success is also seen in the places held by its graduates, 
and the high praise accorded it by such a body as the American 
Bankers' Association. The special work of the school is done in 
the Junior and Senior years. An excellent library in economics, 
history, and public law is owned by the school. 

WORK IN AMERICAN HISTORY 

The School of American History may be said to be an 
outgrowth of the Wharton School, though it is now quite sep- 
arate from it in organization, and in the larger part of its cur- 
riculum. This school is the first attempt to give to American 
history and institutions the importance which should be theirs 
in the cultivation of a high grade of American citizenship. 
The directors of the school are Professor John Bach McMaster, 
whose " History of the American People " is well known, and 
Professor Francis Newton Thorpe. The library of the school 
is a large and unique one, including the most complete set of 
American government publications in the country, not except- 
ing even the one at Washington ; as good a collection of 
Canadian publications as the one at Ottawa ; the only collection 
ever made of the laws of all the States ; and collections contain- 
ing the history of great public movements such as the temper- 
ance cause, ballot reform, abolition of slavery, etc. The regular 
course is two years, though other special courses are given. 



THE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 

Although this is one of the newest illustrations of the 
recent artistic development of Philadelphia, it is in its way one 
of the most significant. It had its origin in the minds of some 
of the best-known architects of Philadelphia, who have recog- 
nized the need for it, and have assisted its rapid growth by their 
cordial support. The school has now, in addition to the regu- 
lar college faculty, fifteen special instructors, and offers a four- 
year course in architecture, two-year courses in architecture 
and interior decoration, and other shorter special courses. It 
has recently established a traveling scholarship in archi- 
tecture, awarded annually after an open competition, the gentle- 
man who was successful in the first of these competitions being 
now abroad. The director of the school is Professor Warren 
P. Laird. 

THE INSTRUCTION IN CHEMISTRY 

A fair example of what is being accomplished in many 
of our American institutions in the face of insufficient facilities 
is seen in the excellent work of the University's chemical 
laboratories during the past three years. The comparatively 
small endowment of the University has denied to this import- 
ant work in the past the accommodation it has needed, so that 
there has not been room for all the students who wished to take 
this work. Yet under the able management of the well-known 
chemist, and editor of the " Richter Chemistries, " Dr. Edgar F. 
Smith, in three years there have appeared from this laboratory 
no less than thirty-five independent investigations, the results 
of which have attracted wide attention here and in Europe. 
The department will, in the fall of 1893, occupy the large 
building now being erected for it on the University grounds. 
This will be among the largest chemical laboratories in the 
country 7 , and has already attracted much attention for its 
beauty of construction and completeness of equipment. The 
department offers courses in chemistry of four and five years, 
and a new four year course in chemical engineering. 

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 

The fact that the University is situated in such a scien- 
tific and industrial centre as Philadelphia is of vast importance 
to all its technical courses, but especially those in engineering. 
Mere laboratory work can be conducted anywhere, as can 



instruction from textbooks, but there is a peculiar advantage 
to the student to have at his hand large industrial plants 
where the principles he is studying are to be found in working 
operation. It is the custom in the University's schools of me- 
chanical and electrical engineering to assign the students to 
regular work in the visiting and reporting upon large plants 
every week throughout the term, in addition to a trip through 
neighboring States once a year. In connection with the Uni- 
versity's new mechanical laboratories there is also the central 
light and heat plant for all the University buildings, in which 
the students are given ample and close study of the working of 
a large plant. The excellent standing of the graduates of the 
department is a sufficient guarantee of the thoroughness of 
the work done under the supervision of Professor Henry W. 
Spangler. Courses of four and five years are offered in both 
mechanical and electrical engineering. 

COURSES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 

What has been said of graduates in mechanical en- 
gineering might with equal truth be repeated of those in civil 
engineering, many of whom in late years have been offered 
positions on the great railroads and other important interests 
centering in Philadelphia even before they have completed 
their college course. The work in civil engineering has re- 
cently been re-organized and extended under Professor Edgar 
Marburg, and is rapidly growing in importance and in its 
number of students. The courses at present offered are the 
regular five-year course, and the shorter course of four years, 
both leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science and the 
technical degree of Civil Engineer. 

THE SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY 

The work in biology, zoology, botany, and their allied 
subjects is carried on in the Biological Laboratory. A course 
of four years, known as the Course in Natural History, is the 
regular course pursued by most of the students who take this 
work, but there are special courses offered also, and among 
them one of two years, which is intended primarily for those 
who intend to study medicine. The University Medical School 
allows those who have pursued a certain amount of work in 
the School of Biology to enter directly into the second year in 



medicine. In connection with the School of Biology the Uni- 
versity maintains during the summer the Marine Biological 
Laboratory at Sea Isle City, N. J., for the study of native flora 
and fauna. Women are admitted as special students in the 
School of Biology. 

COURSES IN MUSIC 

The instruction in music in the University is intended 
for advanced students only. The qualifications for entrance 
are that the applicant shall have some knowledge of the rudi- 
ments of music, and the ability to play on some instrument. 
The course extends through three years, and comprises instruc- 
tion in such studies as harmony, counterpoint, composition, 
form and instrumentation. A certificate is given at the end of 
the course, and the Bachelor's Degree in Music is conferred 
upon the completion of certain prescribed work. 

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY— POST-GRADUATE WORK 

All of the post-graduate work of the University, except 
that in law and medicine, is grouped under the department of 
Philosophy, which has in late years increased rapidly in 
strength and importance. The department last year had 117 
students and forty-two instructors. The courses, which lead to 
the Degrees of Doctor of Philosophy, Master of Arts, or 
Master of Science, are grouped under twenty-one heads, 
although there are numerous sub-divisions. Among the sub- 
jects in which the University offers especially good facilities 
are the Semitic Languages, Classical Literature, Philology, 
Archaeology, American History, Political Science, Economics, 
Philosophy, Physics, Natural History, Chemistry and Mathe- 
matics. The work in the Department of Philosophy is exactly 
paralleled in the Graduate Department for Women, women 
being admitted to the post-graduate degrees on equal terms 
with men. There is a special dormitory for women, and there 
are eight endowed fellowships open only to women. 

THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 

It is not a matter of conjecture why the University of 
Pennsylvania is so important a centre for medical research 
to-day. This school, founded in 1765, was the first medical 
school in America, and has always remained the largest. It is, 
perhaps, sufficient to say that there have been connected with 



it in the past such men as Barton, Wistar, Chapman, Physick, 
Dewees, Homer, Hare, G. B. Wood, Hodge, the elder Pepper, 
Rodgers, Joseph L,eidy and D. Hayes Agnew. Ever in touch 
with the need of the times, the school has recently taken the 
bold step of increasing its curriculum to four years, a change 
demanded by those who have seen the impossibility of giving 
a proper medical training in less time. 

In its present organization the school has a faculty of 
sixteen full professors, with whom are associated ten assistant 
professors, and fifty -nine instructors, lecturers and demonstra- 
tors. Most of the lectures are given in Medical Hall, but the 
medical work of the University makes use altogether of seven 
buildings, including the University Hospital, one of the largest 
in the city. 

THE LABORATORY OF HYGIENE 

Besides the Biological School, which has been already 
noted in its proper place, there are several departments of the 
University which are more or less directly connected with the 
work of the Medical School. The first of these is the Labora- 
tory of Hygiene, opened in 1892. It occupies a large building 
which is unique in America. It is in itself a perfect object 
lesson in hygiene and sanitation. Every known system of 
drainage, lighting, heating, ventilation and water-supply has 
been given a trial in the building, so that the very best may be 
known from actual tests. The building includes laboratories 
and special research rooms for work in general hygiene, and 
also in bacteriology, and has many features of interest. Four 
courses of eight weeks each are offered during the year, includ- 
ing instruction and laboratory work in Practical Hygiene, 
Chemistry, Elementary Bacteriology and Advanced Bacterio- 
logy. In addition there is a course of twelve weeks in 
Physiological Chemistry, with special attention to the products 
of bacterial growth. The laboratory has one endowed fel- 
lowship. 

THE WISTAR INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY 

This important department was founded recently by 
General Isaac J. Wistar, for the double purpose of providing a 
place for the famous Wistar and Horner Anatomical Museum 
of the University, and to provide for special advanced work in 
anatomy and biology. The superb building in which the 



museums and laboratories are situated has just been completed, 
and will be occupied this year. This equipment will enable 
the University to pursue advanced investigations in fields never 
before explored, with no doubt important results. 

DEPARTMENT OF DENTISTRY 

Dentistry as a profession is comparatively new, yet it has 
been taught in our universities for a quarter of a century. 
The University of Pennsylvania school was the third in the 
country, and was founded in 1878. As at present organized 
the school has nine professors, and twenty-nine other instruc- 
tors. Last year there were one hundred and fifty-three stu- 
dents, among whom were students from twenty-one foreign 
countries. The work of dental and medical students is largely 
in common, as it is recognized that dentistry is essentially a 
specialty of medicine. But on the other hand the very import- 
ant technical portion of a dental training is fully provided for. 
The University has a very large operating room, and of the 
25000 patients who are every year treated free in the dental 
schools of Philadelphia the University treats over one-third. 
This school has been among the first to introduce the three 
year course, which went into effect last year, and is destined to 
materially raise the standard of dental education. 

THE UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL 

If the excellent beginning which was made in 1789 had 
been followed up, the University's Law School would have 
ranked among her most venerable institutions. But even the 
presence of President and Madam Washington at the opening 
lecture did not ensure the success of the venture. Another 
attempt was made in 181 7, with very little more success. But 
in 1850 the Law School was again organized under the famous 
Judge George Sharswood, and has since been one of the most 
flourishing departments of the University. This is the only 
department situated away from the University campus in West 
Philadelphia, and it occupies a whole floor of the Girard Build- 
ing, in the heart of the city, and in close proximity to the 
courts of law. The course is three years in length, and the 
school has at present two hundred and twenty students. Gradu- 
ates of the school are admitted without examination to practice 
in the county and supreme courts of the State. An excellent 
library is one of the features of the department. 



VETERINARY DEPARTMENT AND HOSPITAL 

A stone's throw from the University Hospital is another 
of a very different sort, where the patients lie on straw instead 
of linen. The buildings of the Veterinary School and Hospital 
are especially adapted for their uses, and have been said to form 
the best equipment for the purpose in this country. At any 
rate it is certain that the corps of twenty-one instructors are 
progressive, and ambitious that the school shall more than 
maintain its present advanced position. The instruction ex- 
tends over three years, and is as complete as possible in all that 
belongs to the training of the veterinary surgeon. The Veter- 
inary Hospital is without doubt one of the most interesting 
parts of the University. A visitor is at once impressed with 
the careful treatment of animals, which for comfort and kind- 
ness leaves nothing to be desired. The hospital is really a pub- 
lic charity, 1578 animals being treated free of charge last year. 

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 

In these days the University without books would look 
far for its students. The University Library has increased 
more rapidly in the past ten years than any other college 
library, and is among the five American college libraries with 
more than one hundred thousand volumes. The University 
has now 110,000 bound volumes, and many more than that 
number of unbound volumes and pamphlets. Three years ago 
these were housed in a new building, said at the time to be the 
finest library building in the country. The library has its 
weak points, like most libraries, but it has also some very 
strong ones. And among the latter might be mentioned espe- 
cially its 24,000 volumes in classical literature, its many vol- 
umes in modern languages and criticism, the large collections 
in philology, the Semitic collections, especially the Assyrian 
and Babylonian, and the unrivaled collections in American 
History and Political and Social Science. There is also a large 
medical library, and an especially noteworthy law library, the 
latter being kept in the quarters of the University Law School, 
in the Girard building. 

UNIVERSITY'S EQUIPMENT 

The modern university demands every year a larger 
equipment in books, in instruments, and especially, it would 
seem, in buildings. The University of Pennsylvania twenty 



years ago could get along with four buildings ; but to-day it 
occupies twenty-five, and needs several more. The reason is 
that a great university has many distinct lines of instruction 
and investigation, and each has its peculiar needs. So the 
multiplication of buildings is very rapid where a university 
wishes to be abreast of the times. Of Pennsylvania's recent 
buildings the most noteworthy are the Library, the Laboratory 
of Hygiene, the Engineering Laboratories, the Dog Hospital, 
the Wistar Institute of Anatomy, and the new Chemical Labor- 
atory. Several of these are unique, and all are good examples 
of the enterprise which is the keynote of our American higher 
education. The plant of the University to-day is valued at 
$3,100,000, and its vested funds amount to $1,600,000. 

SOME INTERESTING MUSEUMS 

Its museums are an important part of the equipment 
of the University. Of the archaeological collection the most 
valuable is the Babylonian, which contains the results of 
the University's own expedition to Babylonia a few years 
ago. Thousands of tablets and other relics were found, the 
inscriptions on which are now being translated. There are 
also collections from Egypt, Cyprus, China and Japan, another 
illustrating the games of all nations, and a most interesting 
collection in American archaeology. The notable Maxwell 
Sommerville collection of engraved gems and talismans forms 
an important part of the museums of archaeology. The 
Wistar and Horner Anatomical Museum is the finest of its 
kind in the country. Other collections especially adapted 
to the use of their respective departments are those of the 
Dental, Veterinary, and Biological Schools, and the museums of 
chemistry and geology. 

ATHLETICS AT PENNSYLVANIA 

While the existence of some grave evils in connection 
with college athletics is universally recognized, no one seems 
to doubt that college athletics are here to stay. Many of the 
difficulties have arisen through the placing of the management 
of athletics in inexperienced hands. At Pennsylvania much of 
this has been avoided by the formation of a University Athletic 
Association, which is a regularly chartered corporation, and is 
composed of both undergraduates and alumni. Under it all 



University athletics are organized, a joint committee of under- 
graduates and alumni being in charge of each branch of sport. 
The University leases the athletic grounds to the association at 
a nominal sum, and leaves nearly every question respecting the 
athletic interests of the students to it. The association thus 
supports a base-ball team, a foot-ball team, a crew, and a track 
athletic team, finds the necessary means, looks after the train- 
ing of the teams, employing trainers where necessary, and 
thus makes athletics so well organized that all sports are pro- 
moted, and no one sport is fostered at the expense of another. 
The result has been seen in a marked improvement in the gen- 
eral health of the students, a rapid growth of interest in legiti- 
mate athletics, and a continued improvement in University 
teams. The present athletic grounds, although excellently 
equipped with track and grand-stands, diamond, and foot-ball 
field, have been recently declared insufficient, and a ground of 
about twice the size, conveniently situated, is now being pre- 
pared. It will be fitted with club-house, dressing-rooms, baths, 
base-ball cage and everything necessary to the comfort of the 
students using it. It is also the intention to replace the present 
gymnasium, which is too small, with a new building, capable 
of accommodating easily the needs of the University's twenty- 
two hundred students. 

PHILADELPHIA AND THE UNIVERSITY 

In spite of the obvious advantages of having a college 
in a small town, where the life of the college shall be the whole 
life of the student, there is a growing tendency toward the 
belief that the university of the future is the university in the 
large city. The advantages of this connection are the greater 
as the city and the university grow in size and strength. A 
modern university cannot purchase and maintain all the collec- 
tions of art, of science, of natural history, of literature, that 
its needs require. But in a large city these collections exist 
independent of the university. Thus the students of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania have the use of the large city libraries, 
the Pennsylvania Historical Society, the Academies of Sciences 
and of Fine Arts, the Franklin Institute of Science, the Museum 
of Industrial Art, and other valuable institutions, to many of 
which they are admitted free upon the presentation of their 
matriculation tickets. It is the universal testimony that great 



schools of law and medicine cannot be maintained at all except 
in large cities, and this is equally true of schools of dentistry 
and veterinary medicine. The advantage to the engineering 
courses of having at hand great industrial plants like those of 
Philadelphia has already been touched upon. When to the 
above considerations one adds the opportunities for lectures, 
good music, and art exhibitions, which a large city affords, 
the claim of the city university is sufficiently well established. 

TO ENTER THE UNIVERSITY 

As the requirements for admission to the University 
differ greatly according to the department, it is better that 
those who wish to learn the requirements for any particular 
department should address the Dean of that department, whose 
name and address will be found in the list given below. He 
will be glad also to answer any questions as to courses, degrees, 
expenses, etc., and to send, upon application, copies of the 
University Catalogue, or the special catalogue which is printed 
annually for each department. 

Coi^ege Department, Dr. HORACE JAYNE, 

College Hall. 

This department includes courses in Arts, in Science, in 
Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, and Chemical Engineering; in 
Finance and Economy, in American History, in Biology, in 
Chemistry, in Architecture, and in Music. 



Department of Medicine - - 
Department of Law - - - - 
Auxiliary Dep't of Medicine - 
Department of Dentistry - - 
Department of Philosophy - - 
Dep't of Veterinary Medicine 
Laboratory of Hygiene - - - 
Graduate Dep't for Women 
Wistar Institute of Anatomy - 



- Dr. JOHN MARSHALL, 

Medical Hall. 

- C. STUART PATTERSON, Esq. , 

Girard Building, Philadelphia. 

- Dr. HARRISON ALLEN, 

1933 Chestnut street. 

- Dr. JAMES TRUMAN, 

3243 Chestnut street. 

- Dr. HORACE JAYNE, 

College Hall. 

- Dr. JOHN MARSHALL, 

36th and Pine streets. 

- Dr. A. C. ABBOTT, 

34th and Locust streets. 

- Dr. HORACE JAYNE, 

College Hall. 

- Dr. HARRISON ALLEN 

1933 Chestnut street. 



13 



Any questions relating to the general government of the 
University should be addressed to the secretary, Rev. Jkssk 
Y. Burk, College Hall. 

SOME INTERESTING FACTS AND FIGURES 

Pennsylvania's growth in ten years has been unprece- 
dented in the history of American education. In 1882-83 there 
were 124 instructors and 984 students. I,ast year, 1892-93, 
there were 255 instructors and 2066 students, an increase of 
considerably over 100 per cent. In the same time seven new 
departments have been opened, and the University library has 
increased over 500 per cent. 

It is believed that the University attracts its students 
from a wider area than any other American institution. In 
1892-93 the 2066 students represented forty-four States and 
Territories, and seventy-seven foreign countries. Two depart- 
ments alone, the medical and dental, have 69 foreign students, 
representing 34 countries. 

The University, since its foundation, has had in attendance 
altogether over 70,000 students, and has graduated 14,910 men. 
The oldest college graduate in America to-day is Dr. James 
Kitchen, of Philadelphia, who was graduated at Pennsylvania 
in 1819. 

The United States Government has recently issued a 
volume of 450 pages entitled " Benjamin, Franklin and the 
University of Pennsylvania," in which the present University, 
its courses and its equipment, are fully described. 



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